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الرحمن

Surah AR-RAHMAN / The Beneficent in English | Surah 55

AR-RAHMAN · 78 verses

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

1 The Most Merciful

2 Taught the Qur'an,

3 Created man,

4 [And] taught him eloquence.

5 The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation,

6 And the stars and trees prostrate.

7 And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance

8 That you not transgress within the balance.

9 And establish weight in justice and do not make deficient the balance.

10 And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures.

11 Therein is fruit and palm trees having sheaths [of dates]

12 And grain having husks and scented plants.

13 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

14 He created man from clay like [that of] pottery.

15 And He created the jinn from a smokeless flame of fire.

16 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

17 [He is] Lord of the two sunrises and Lord of the two sunsets.

18 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

19 He released the two seas, meeting [side by side];

20 Between them is a barrier [so] neither of them transgresses.

21 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

22 From both of them emerge pearl and coral.

23 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

24 And to Him belong the ships [with sails] elevated in the sea like mountains.

25 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

26 Everyone upon the earth will perish,

27 And there will remain the Face of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor.

28 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

29 Whoever is within the heavens and earth asks Him; every day He is bringing about a matter.

30 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

31 We will attend to you, O prominent beings.

32 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

33 O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah ].

34 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

35 There will be sent upon you a flame of fire and smoke, and you will not defend yourselves.

36 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

37 And when the heaven is split open and becomes rose-colored like oil -

38 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

39 Then on that Day none will be asked about his sin among men or jinn.

40 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

41 The criminals will be known by their marks, and they will be seized by the forelocks and the feet.

42 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

43 This is Hell, which the criminals deny.

44 They will go around between it and scalding water, heated [to the utmost degree].

45 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

46 But for he who has feared the position of his Lord are two gardens -

47 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

48 Having [spreading] branches.

49 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

50 In both of them are two springs, flowing.

51 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

52 In both of them are of every fruit, two kinds.

53 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

54 [They are] reclining on beds whose linings are of silk brocade, and the fruit of the two gardens is hanging low.

55 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

56 In them are women limiting [their] glances, untouched before them by man or jinni -

57 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

58 As if they were rubies and coral.

59 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

60 Is the reward for good [anything] but good?

61 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

62 And below them both [in excellence] are two [other] gardens -

63 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

64 Dark green [in color].

65 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

66 In both of them are two springs, spouting.

67 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

68 In both of them are fruit and palm trees and pomegranates.

69 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

70 In them are good and beautiful women -

71 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

72 Fair ones reserved in pavilions -

73 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

74 Untouched before them by man or jinni -

75 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -

76 Reclining on green cushions and beautiful fine carpets.

77 So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?

78 Blessed is the name of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor.

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Tafsir

Verse 1

The Compassionate One, God, exalted be He,

Verse 2

has taught, whomever He will, the Qur’ān.

Verse 3

He created man, the species [mankind],

Verse 4

teaching him the [coherent] speech, utterance.

Verse 5

The sun and the moon follow a reckoning, they move according to a [strict] calculation,

Verse 6

and the grass, all stalkless vegetation, and the trees, that [vegetation] which possesses stalk, prostrate, comply with what is required of them.

Verse 7

And He has raised the heaven and set up the balance, He has established justice,

Verse 8

[declaring] that you should not contravene, that is to say, so that you may not do wrong, with regard to the balance, that [instrument] with which one weighs.

Verse 9

And observe the weights with justice, fairly, and do not skimp the balance, [do not] decrease [the value of] what is being weighed.

Verse 10

And the earth, He placed it, He fixed it [in place], for [all] creatures: man, jinn and others.

Verse 11

In it are fruits and, the familiar, date-palms with sheaths, the spathes containing its flowers,

Verse 12

and grain, such as wheat and barley, with husk, and fragrant herb.

Verse 13

So which of your Lord’s favours, graces, will you deny? (tukadhdhibān is mentioned thirty one times; the interrogative is meant [to be understood] as an affirmative, judging by what al-Hākim [al-Naysābūrī] reported [by way of an isnād] from Jābir [b. ‘Abd Allāh al-Ansārī], who said, ‘The Messenger of God (s) was reciting surāt al-Rahmān to us, and when he completed it, he said, “What is wrong with you that you have been silent [throughout]? Verily the jinn are more responsive than you. Not once did I recite this verse to them — So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny? — but that they said, ‘Not one of your graces, our Lord, do we deny, for [all] praise belongs to You’ ”).

Verse 14

He created man, Adam, of dry clay (salsāl, a dry hollow mud producing an echo if tapped), resembling the potter’s (fakhkhār, clay that has been baked),

Verse 15

and He created the Jann, the father of the jinn, namely, Iblīs, of a smokeless flame of fire.

Verse 16

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 17

Lord of the two Easts, [the points of] the winter sunrise and the summer sunrise, and Lord of the two Wests: likewise [the two points of sunset].

Verse 18

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 19

He has loosed the two waters, the sweet and the salty; [and so] they meet, in the perception of the eye.

Verse 20

Between them there is a barrier, by His power, exalted be He. They do not overstep, neither of the two encroaches upon the other to become mixed with it.

Verse 21

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 22

From [both of] them, from the point at which they [seem to] meet — but which is actually from [only] one of the two, and that is, the salt water — is brought forth (yukhraju, passive, may also be read as active, yakhruju, ‘emerge’) the pearl and the coral (marjān, these are red pieces of shell, or small pearls).

Verse 23

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 24

His are the crafted ships [that sail] in the sea [appearing] like landmarks, like mountains in their tremendous size and height.

Verse 25

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 26

Everyone who is on it, that is, [on] the earth, of animal beings, will perish (man, ‘who’, is used to indicate predominance of rational beings);

Verse 27

yet there will remain the countenance of your Lord, His Essence, [the countenance] of majesty, magnificence, and munificence, towards believers, through His graces to them.

Verse 28

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 29

All that is in the heavens and the earth implore Him, either by way of speech or by their very state [of dependence on Him], for the strength which they require for worship, [for] provision, forgiveness and other things. Every day, [all the] time, He is upon some matter, something that He manifests in accordance with what He has decreed since pre-eternity, such as the giving of life, the bringing of death, exalting and abasing [individuals], giving abundantly and withholding, responding to a supplicating person and giving the one requesting [something] and so on and so forth.

Verse 30

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 31

We will attend to you, We shall turn to reckon with you, O you two heavy ones!, mankind and jinn.

Verse 32

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 33

O company of jinn and humans, if you are able to pass through, to exit from, the confines, the regions, of the heavens and the earth, then pass through! — a command [meant] to challenge them to what they are incapable of [doing]. You will not pass through except with a sanction, [except] with some power, and you have no power for such a thing.

Verse 34

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 35

Against you will be unleashed a heat of fire (shuwāz, can either mean that the flame thereof has no smoke or [that it does have it] with it) and a flash of brass, without any flame, and you will not be able to seek help, you will not be able to defend yourselves against this, nay, it will drive you to the site of the Gathering.

Verse 36

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 37

And when the heaven is split open, when it becomes open with [many] gates [in preparation] for the descent of the angels, and it turns crimson (wardatan, [literally, ‘a rose’], in other words, red like this [rose]), like tanned leather, red skins, in contrast to its [the heaven’s] usual appearance (the response to idhā, ‘when’, is [along the lines of] fa-mā a‘zama’l-hawli, ‘How great will be the terror then!’).

Verse 38

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 39

Thus on that day no man will be questioned about his sin, nor any jinn, about his sin; but they are questioned on some other occasion: By your Lord, We shall question them all [Q.15:92] (al-jānn in this instance and in what will follow denotes the jinn, and also in both cases al-ins denotes human beings).

Verse 40

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 41

The guilty will be recognised by their mark: blackened faces and bruised eyes; so they will be seized by the forelocks and the feet.

Verse 42

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 43

‘This is Hell which the guilty [were wont to] deny!’

Verse 44

They shall pass round, they shall pace, between it and boiling hot water, [water] of extreme temperature, which they are given to drink every time they call to be rescued from the heat of the Fire (ānin is defective, like qādin).

Verse 45

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 46

But for those who feared, that is, for every one of them, or for all of them together, the station of their Lord, the standing before Him for the Reckoning and therefore refrained from being disobedient to Him, there will be two gardens.

Verse 47

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 48

Both with (dhawātā, the dual form of the regular form dhawāt, with its lām [its third consonant] is changed into a yā’) [abundant] branches (afnān is the plural of fanan, similar [in pattern] to talal [atlāl]).

Verse 49

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 50

In both of them there are two flowing springs.

Verse 51

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 52

In both of them, of every fruit (fākiha) of [the fruits of] this world — or [it, fākiha, means] all those things in which one delights (yutafakkahu bihi) — there are two kinds, two varieties, one juicy, one dried, and those which in this world are bitter, like colocynth, will be sweet [therein].

Verse 53

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 54

[They will be] reclining (muttaki’īna is a circumstantial qualifier operated by an omitted [verb], that is to say, yatana‘‘amūna, they will enjoy bliss [while reclining]’) upon couches lined with [heavy] silk brocade, (istabraq) thick or coarse silk, the outer lining being of fine silk (sundus). And the fruits of both gardens will be near, so that it may be reached by the one standing up, the one sitting down or the one lying down.

Verse 55

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 56

In them, in the two gardens and what they comprise of upper chambers and palaces, are maidens of restrained glances, [restricting] their eyes to those spouses of theirs from among [either] the men or the jinn who are reclining, [maidens] who have not been touched, [who] have not been deflowered — and these [maidens] are [either] houris or women of this world who [will] have been created [anew], by any man or jinn before them.

Verse 57

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 58

It is as though they are rubies, in their purity, and pearls, in their fairness.

Verse 59

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 60

Is the reward of goodness, [manifested] through obedience, anything but goodness?, [granted] through bliss?

Verse 61

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 62

And beside these, two mentioned gardens, there will be two [other] gardens, in addition, for those who feared the standing before their Lord.

Verse 63

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 64

Deep green (mudhāmmatān, [this means that they are almost] black on account of the intensity of their greenness).

Verse 65

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 66

In both of them will be two gushing fountains, rushing with water, unceasing.

Verse 67

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 68

In both of them will be fruits and date-palms and pomegranates, the [latter] two [fruits] being from among these [fruits of the two gardens]; but it is also said that they belong to [the fruits of] some other [garden].

Verse 69

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 70

In them, that is, in the two gardens and their palaces and what they comprise, are maidens [who are] good, in nature [and with], beautiful, faces.

Verse 71

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 72

Houris (hur, this means maidens with intense black eyes set against the [intense] whiteness [of the iris]) secluded, concealed, in pavilions, made of studded gems, annexed to the palaces, like boudoirs.

Verse 73

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 74

Untouched by any man before them, before these [soon-to-be] spouses of theirs, or jinn.

Verse 75

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 76

Reclining, namely, their spouses (muttaki’īna, syntactically, it is as [described] above) upon green cushions (rafraf is the plural of rafrafa, which can mean [either] ‘carpets’ or ‘cushions’) and lovely druggets (‘abqariyyin, the plural of ‘abqariyya, which are velvet carpets).

Verse 77

So which of your Lord’s favours will you deny?

Verse 78

Blessed be the Name of your Lord, He of Majesty and Munificence (as [explained] above; the word ism is extra).

About the surah AR-RAHMAN / The Beneficent

Surah Ar-Rahman is the 55th of the Holy Quran and is composed of 78 verses in which Allah evokes the various blessings upon us that are but the perfect expression of His Mercy and His Love. The themes addressed in this Meccan surah are the manifestation of the Attribute of Allah, Ar-Rahman, from which this surah takes its name, drawn from the first verse. In a perfect style, Allah calls upon mankind and the jinn to meditate on the Creation of Allah and His Blessings upon them.

Introduction and circumstances of the revelation of Ar-Rahman

By way of introduction, we may pause to study this surah through the comparison between the Holy Quran and the qualities recognized by all for effective communication. To capture and hold attention, a communicator must be able to:

  1. have interesting content to share
  2. a distinctive style
  3. and know the audience he is going to address

Thus, and Allah is above any analogy, it appears that the Quran combines these three characteristics, since it is a perfect discourse revealed by the Creator of all things and Master of the Worlds: Allah.

This surah being a Meccan surah, according to the opinion of the majority of scholars, let us recall that the audience is the disbelieving people of Mecca who were relentless in refuting the prophethood and the Quran. They called the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, a liar, madman, poet, possessed, sorcerer, and refused to listen to the Quran when it was recited. The disbelievers, after having disparaged the verses they heard, and refused to believe in the Hereafter (the Unseen), were relentless in demanding something visible to prove the truthfulness of the revelation.

This surah is thus a response to the idolaters. In this surah Allah teaches us that the Quran is a proof of Love and compassion for mankind and the Jinn, the only ones endowed with free will. Were it not so, Allah would have destroyed them long ago. Instead, Allah teaches them that the Quran is a miracle in itself.

The style of this surah is very distinctive, since it involves the repetition of a single verse. In the same way that when someone does not want to listen to what we have important to tell him, we repeat our message several times, one verse, repeated 31 times in this surah, gives rhythm to this chapter of the Quran and gives it its distinctive style. And to Allah belong the finest examples!

As for the content of this surah, it also takes on a particularity that can be observed in comparison with the following surah, Al-Waqi'a. This surah sets out 5 subjects, which are:

  • Those brought near to Allah and what they will have in Paradise
  • The people of the right hand and what they will have in Paradise (another level of Paradise)
  • the people of the left hand and what awaits them in Hell
  • The reminder of the Creations of Allah, over which He alone has Power, to make us humble
  • The power of the Quran

In Surah Ar-Rahman, the content speaks, in reverse order, of the power of the Quran, the creations of Allah, of what Hell contains, the Two Gardens for the righteous, and below them two other gardens and what they contain.

A unique surah with a unique message that addresses mankind and the Jinn as the prophetic traditions indicate.

Explanations of the meaning of Ar-Rahman

The Name of Allah highlighted from the very first verse is Ar-Rahman. This name, very often translated as the Most Merciful, is to be understood by considering its etymology. It comes from Rahm, which is the womb of the mother. The rahm is not a place that has pity and mercy toward the child it carries, but the place that protects it, nourishes it, brings it everything the baby needs without its being aware of it at that moment. The mother does not merely carry it; she already loves it and takes care of her child without limit.

And to Allah belong the finest examples.

Ar-Rahman is an Attribute of Allah that combines the Care, the Love and above all the Protection that Allah has for His Creatures. Rahma is not only (not really) mercy and pity but an expression of the Love of Allah for us.

The hyperbolic form (mubalagha) of this word Rahman must be understood in order to grasp its meaning. The "An" at the end of this word in Arabic is a form used to express an excessive manner of being or doing. Ghadhib means, for example, to be angry, whereas "ghadhiban" means excessively angry.

This word also expresses that the fruits of His Protection are felt at the very moment He grants us this excessive Protection... not later. He is Rahman all the time; at the very moment we are reflecting, His Protection, His love for us, brings us immediate, and not future, blessings. We breathe without being aware of it. Our organs function without our having to take any action for that, and so on. It is not a blessing that we will feel later. It is immediate and constant.

Ar-Rahman is the Protector, the One who takes care of His Creatures in a way that is beyond all comprehension.

The first thing that proves His Love for us is the Quran.

The first two verses of this surah are constructed in a surprising way to encourage meditation on each verse. Whereas it is accepted that a sentence does not separate the subject from its action with a period, Allah cites His Name in one verse then teaches us that He is the One who taught the Quran in the second verse.

Ar-Rahman is a subject of reflection sufficient in itself to meditate upon. Then Allah is the One who taught the Quran. The Quran is therefore a gesture of extreme mercy toward us. A personal invitation to be His students, to read it, to understand it and to draw near to Him through the Quran, His Word. He named Himself and said that He teaches the Quran but did not say to whom. It is a gift offered to all those who are willing. A powerful message with which He, to Him be the Majesty and the Glory, begins this surah. The Quran is a Reminder as verse 11 of surah 80, as well as others, states. A Reminder for people who forget, since Insan (Man) comes from the root meaning to forget in Arabic.

If we recognize Allah as our Creator (verse 3) and above all as Ar-Rahman (verse 1), the Most Merciful, then we are all encouraged to become students of the Quran, before our Teacher, the Creator of the Universe.

Verse 4: He also taught clear language. This is another blessing with which Allah, the Full of Compassion for us, our Supreme Protection, has favored us. Al-Bayan means the ability to express oneself clearly, to communicate. Allah thus teaches us that He is the One who taught us to speak, endowed with language, and in this it is an invitation to respect all the languages of all countries. Allah taught speech to mankind and the jinn, but He chose one (Arabic) to reveal the Quran, just as He created mankind and the jinn but chose His Prophets from among mankind.

It must also be recalled that speech is an honor with which Allah has favored us and that He correlates it with the fact that He taught us the Quran. Thus the tongue, the organ with which we speak, must be used only to express good, far from futilities and vulgarity. Allah taught it the faculty of speech in order to better understand the Quran.

Ar-Rahman is the Name of Allah that most expresses the Protection and Mercy He has for us.
The Quran is the most evident manifestation of His Love.
Al-Insan, man, is the greatest creation of Allah among all His Creations.
Al-Bayan, language, is one of the greatest blessings among all the blessings with which Allah has favored us, in order to be able to read and recite His Word.

A few brief explanations

From verse 5 to 13, Allah teaches us that the Universe evolves according to His Order and His Command.

From verse 14 to verse 25 the wonders of Allah are set forth to mankind and the jinn to allow them to meditate on the Blessings of Allah.

From verse 26 to verse 33 Allah has control over all things while mankind and the jinn have need of Him, and no one can escape Him.

From verse 36 to 45 on the Day of Resurrection the two groups will have accounts to render and Allah describes the end of the guilty. From verse 46 to the end of the surah, reference is made to the rewards of those who will have done good and who fear to appear before their Lord.

It is an eloquent discourse, and the most perfect, from the Sovereign of the Worlds, in which each manifestation of His Power, each blessing upon mankind and the jinn, each description of what is prepared in Hell and each reward prepared in Paradise is followed by an appeal to the intelligence of mankind and the jinn to meditate: Which of these blessings will you deny?

According to Tirmidhi, as the people kept silent while the Prophet recited Surah Ar-Rahman, he said: " Why do I not hear the same good responses that the jinn gave when they heard me recite this same surah?"

Indeed, this episode is related in Surah Al-Ahqaf 29 Verse 32.

May Allah grant us always to recognize His Sovereignty and His Blessings upon us and grant us to serve Him out of love for Him. Amin

Surah AR-RAHMAN English audio · 78 verses