“Sadaka pour mes parents”
Zohra
البقرة
Hizb 2 | AL-BAQARA 2:75 -> AL-BAQARA 2:141
AL-BAQARA · 67 verses · AL-BAQARA 2:75 -> AL-BAQARA 2:141
Surah 2 AL-BAQARA
75 'Afataţma`ūna 'An Yu'uminū Lakum Wa Qad Kāna Farīqun Minhum Yasma`ūna Kalāma Allāhi Thumma Yuĥarrifūnahu Min Ba`di Mā `Aqalūhu Wa Hum Ya`lamūna
76 Wa 'Idhā Laqū Al-Ladhīna 'Āmanū Qālū 'Āmannā Wa 'Idhā Khalā Ba`đuhum 'Ilá Ba`đin Qālū 'Atuĥaddithūnahum Bimā Fataĥa Allāhu `Alaykum Liyuĥājjūkum Bihi `Inda Rabbikum 'Afalā Ta`qilūna
77 'Awalā Ya`lamūna 'Anna Allāha Ya`lamu Mā Yusirrūna Wa Mā Yu`linūna
78 Wa Minhum 'Ummīyūna Lā Ya`lamūna Al-Kitāba 'Illā 'Amānīya Wa 'In Hum 'Illā Yažunnūna
79 Fawaylun Lilladhīna Yaktubūna Al-Kitāba Bi'aydīhim Thumma Yaqūlūna Hādhā Min `Indi Allāhi Liyashtarū Bihi Thamanāan Qalīlāan Fawaylun Lahum Mimmā Katabat 'Aydīhim Wa Waylun Lahum Mimmā Yaksibūna
80 Wa Qālū Lan Tamassanā An-Nāru 'Illā 'Ayyāmāan Ma`dūdatan Qul 'Āttakhadhtum `Inda Allāhi `Ahdāan Falan Yukhlifa Allāhu `Ahdahu 'Am Taqūlūna `Alá Allāhi Mā Lā Ta`lamūna
81 Balá Man Kasaba Sayyi'atan Wa 'Aĥāţat Bihi Khaţī'atuhu Fa'ūlā'ika 'Aşĥābu An-Nāri Hum Fīhā Khālidūna
82 Wa Al-Ladhīna 'Āmanū Wa `Amilū Aş-Şāliĥāti 'Ūlā'ika 'Aşĥābu Al-Jannati Hum Fīhā Khālidūna
83 Wa 'Idh 'Akhadhnā Mīthāqa Banī 'Isrā'īla Lā Ta`budūna 'Illā Allāha Wa Bil-Wālidayni 'Iĥsānāan Wa Dhī Al-Qurbá Wa Al-Yatāmá Wa Al-Masākīni Wa Qūlū Lilnnāsi Ĥusnāan Wa 'Aqīmū Aş-Şalāata Wa 'Ātū Az-Zakāata Thumma Tawallaytum 'Illā Qalīlāan Minkum Wa 'Antum Mu`riđūna
84 Wa 'Idh 'Akhadhnā Mīthāqakum Lā Tasfikūna Dimā'akum Wa Lā Tukhrijūna 'Anfusakum Min Diyārikum Thumma 'Aqrartum Wa 'Antum Tash/hadūna
85 Thumma 'Antum Hā'uulā' Taqtulūna 'Anfusakum Wa Tukhrijūna Farīqāan Minkum Min Diyārihim Tažāharūna `Alayhim Bil-'Ithmi Wa Al-`Udwāni Wa 'In Ya'tūkum 'Usārá Tufādūhum Wa Huwa Muĥarramun `Alaykum 'Ikhrājuhum 'A Fatu'uminūna Biba`đi Al-Kitābi Wa Takfurūna Biba`đin Famā Jazā'u Man Yaf`alu Dhālika Minkum 'Illā Khizyun Fī Al-Ĥayāati Ad-Dunyā Wa Yawma Al-Qiyāmati Yuraddūna 'Ilá 'Ashaddi Al-`Adhābi Wa Mā Allāhu Bighāfilin `Ammā Ta`malūna
86 'Ūlā'ika Al-Ladhīna Ashtaraw Al-Ĥayāata Ad-Dunyā Bil-'Ākhirati Falā Yukhaffafu `Anhumu Al-`Adhābu Wa Lā Hum Yunşarūna
87 Wa Laqad 'Ātaynā Mūsá Al-Kitāba Wa Qaffaynā Min Ba`dihi Bir-Rusuli Wa 'Ātaynā `Īsá Abna Maryama Al-Bayyināti Wa 'Ayyadnāhu Birūĥi Al-Qudusi 'Afakullamā Jā'akum Rasūlun Bimā Lā Tahwá 'Anfusukum Astakbartum Fafarīqāan Kadhabtum Wa Farīqāan Taqtulūn
88 Wa Qālū Qulūbunā Ghulfun Bal La`anahumu Allāhu Bikufrihim Faqalīlāan Mā Yu'uminūna
89 Wa Lammā Jā'ahum Kitābun Min `Indi Allāhi Muşaddiqun Limā Ma`ahum Wa Kānū Min Qablu Yastaftiĥūna `Alá Al-Ladhīna Kafarū Falammā Jā'ahum Mā `Arafū Kafarū Bihi Fala`natu Allāhi `Alá Al-Kāfirīna
90 Bi'sa Mā Ashtaraw Bihi 'Anfusahum 'An Yakfurū Bimā 'Anzala Allāhu Baghyāan 'An Yunazzila Allāhu Min Fađlih `Alá Man Yashā'u Min `Ibādihi Fabā'ū Bighađabin `Alá Ghađabin Wa Lilkāfirīna `Adhābun Muhīnun
91 Wa 'Idhā Qīla Lahum 'Āminū Bimā 'Anzala Allāhu Qālū Nu'uminu Bimā 'Unzila `Alaynā Wa Yakfurūna Bimā Warā'ahu Wa Huwa Al-Ĥaqqu Muşaddiqāan Limā Ma`ahum Qul Falima Taqtulūna 'Anbiyā'a Allāhi Min Qablu 'In Kuntum Mu'uminīna
92 Wa Laqad Jā'akum Mūsá Bil-Bayyināti Thumma Attakhadhtumu Al-`Ijla Min Ba`dihi Wa 'Antum Žālimūna
93 Wa 'Idh 'Akhadhnā Mīthāqakum Wa Rafa`nā Fawqakumu Aţ-Ţūra Khudhū Mā 'Ātaynākum Biqūwatin Wa Asma`ū Qālū Sami`nā Wa `Aşaynā Wa 'Ushribū Fī Qulūbihimu Al-`Ijla Bikufrihim Qul Bi'samā Ya'murukum Bihi 'Īmānukum 'In Kuntum Mu'uminīna
94 Qul 'In Kānat Lakumu Ad-Dāru Al-'Ākhiratu `Inda Allāhi Khālişatan Min Dūni An-Nāsi Fatamannaw Al-Mawta 'In Kuntum Şādiqīna
95 Wa Lan Yatamannawhu 'Abadāan Bimā Qaddamat 'Aydīhim Wa Allāhu `Alīmun Biž-Žālimīna
96 Wa Latajidannahum 'Aĥraşa An-Nāsi `Alá Ĥayāatin Wa Mina Al-Ladhīna 'Ashrakū Yawaddu 'Aĥaduhum Law Yu`ammaru 'Alfa Sanatin Wa Mā Huwa Bimuzaĥziĥihi Mina Al-`Adhābi 'An Yu`ammara Wa Allāhu Başīrun Bimā Ya`malūna
97 Qul Man Kāna `Adūwāan Lijibrīla Fa'innahu Nazzalahu `Alá Qalbika Bi'idhni Allāhi Muşaddiqāan Limā Bayna Yadayhi Wa Hudáan Wa Bushrá Lilmu'uminīna
98 Man Kāna `Adūwāan Lillāhi Wa Malā'ikatihi Wa Rusulihi Wa Jibrīla Wa Mīkāla Fa'inna Allāha `Adūwun Lilkāfirīna
99 Wa Laqad 'Anzalnā 'Ilayka 'Āyātin Bayyinātin Wa Mā Yakfuru Bihā 'Illā Al-Fāsiqūna
100 'Awakullamā `Āhadū `Ahdāan Nabadhahu Farīqun Minhum Bal 'Aktharuhum Lā Yu'uminūna
101 Wa Lammā Jā'ahum Rasūlun Min `Indi Allāhi Muşaddiqun Limā Ma`ahum Nabadha Farīqun Mina Al-Ladhīna 'Ūtū Al-Kitāba Kitāba Allāhi Warā'a Žuhūrihim Ka'annahum Lā Ya`lamūna
102 Wa Attaba`ū Mā Tatlū Ash-Shayāţīnu `Alá Mulki Sulaymāna Wa Mā Kafara Sulaymānu Wa Lakinna Ash-Shayāţīna Kafarū Yu`allimūna An-Nāsa As-Siĥra Wa Mā 'Unzila `Alá Al-Malakayni Bibābila Hārūta Wa Mārūta Wa Mā Yu`allimāni Min 'Aĥadin Ĥattá Yaqūlā 'Innamā Naĥnu Fitnatun Falā Takfur Fayata`allamūna Minhumā Mā Yufarriqūna Bihi Bayna Al-Mar'i Wa Zawjihi Wa Mā Hum Biđārrīna Bihi Min 'Aĥadin 'Illā Bi'idhni Allāhi Wa Yata`allamūna Mā Yađurruhum Wa Lā Yanfa`uhum Wa Laqad `Alimū Lamani Ashtarāhu Mā Lahu Fī Al-'Ākhirati Min Khalāqin Wa Labi'sa Mā Sharaw Bihi 'Anfusahum Law Kānū Ya`lamūna
103 Wa Law 'Annahum 'Āmanū Wa Attaqaw Lamathūbatun Min `Indi Allāhi Khayrun Law Kānū Ya`lamūna
104 Yā 'Ayyuhā Al-Ladhīna 'Āmanū Lā Taqūlū Rā`inā Wa Qūlū Anžurnā Wa Asma`ū Wa Lilkāfirīna `Adhābun 'Alīmun
105 Mā Yawaddu Al-Ladhīna Kafarū Min 'Ahli Al-Kitābi Wa Lā Al-Mushrikīna 'An Yunazzala `Alaykum Min Khayrin Min Rabbikum Wa Allāhu Yakhtaşşu Biraĥmatihi Man Yashā'u Wa Allāhu Dhū Al-Fađli Al-`Ažīmi
106 Mā Nansakh Min 'Āyatin 'Aw Nunsihā Na'ti Bikhayrin Minhā 'Aw Mithlihā 'Alam Ta`lam 'Anna Allāha `Alá Kulli Shay'in Qadīrun
107 'Alam Ta`lam 'Anna Allāha Lahu Mulku As-Samāwāti Wa Al-'Arđi Wa Mā Lakum Min Dūni Allāhi Min Wa Līyin Wa Lā Naşīrin
108 'Am Turīdūna 'An Tas'alū Rasūlakum Kamā Su'ila Mūsá Min Qablu Wa Man Yatabaddali Al-Kufra Bil-'Īmāni Faqad Đalla Sawā'a As-Sabīli
109 Wadda Kathīrun Min 'Ahli Al-Kitābi Law Yaruddūnakum Min Ba`di 'Īmānikum Kuffārāan Ĥasadāan Min `Indi 'Anfusihim Min Ba`di Mā Tabayyana Lahumu Al-Ĥaqqu Fā`fū Wa Aşfaĥū Ĥattá Ya'tiya Allāhu Bi'amrihi 'Inna Allāha `Alá Kulli Shay'in Qadīrun
110 Wa 'Aqīmū Aş-Şalāata Wa 'Ātū Az-Zakāata Wa Mā Tuqaddimū Li'nfusikum Min Khayrin Tajidūhu `Inda Allāhi 'Inna Allāha Bimā Ta`malūna Başīrun
111 Wa Qālū Lan Yadkhula Al-Jannata 'Illā Man Kāna Hūdāan 'Aw Naşārá Tilka 'Amānīyuhum Qul Hātū Burhānakum 'In Kuntum Şādiqīn
112 Balá Man 'Aslama Wajhahu Lillāhi Wa Huwa Muĥsinun Falahu 'Ajruhu `Inda Rabbihi Wa Lā Khawfun `Alayhim Wa Lā Hum Yaĥzanūna
113 Wa Qālati Al-Yahūdu Laysati An-Naşārá `Alá Shay'in Wa Qālati An-Naşārá Laysati Al-Yahūdu `Alá Shay'in Wa Hum Yatlūna Al-Kitāba Kadhālika Qāla Al-Ladhīna Lā Ya`lamūna Mithla Qawlihim Fa-Allāhu Yaĥkumu Baynahum Yawma Al-Qiyāmati Fīmā Kānū Fīhi Yakhtalifūna
114 Wa Man 'Ažlamu Mimman Mana`a Masājida Allāhi 'An Yudhkara Fīhā Asmuhu Wa Sa`á Fī Kharābihā 'Ūlā'ika Mā Kāna Lahum 'An Yadkhulūhā 'Ilā Khā'ifīna Lahum Fī Ad-Dunyā Khizyun Wa Lahum Fī Al-'Ākhirati `Adhābun `Ažīmun
115 Wa Lillahi Al-Mashriqu Wa Al-Maghribu Fa'aynamā Tuwallū Fathamma Wajhu Allāhi 'Inna Allāha Wāsi`un `Alīmun
116 Wa Qālū Attakhadha Allāhu Waladāan Subĥānahu Bal Lahu Mā Fī As-Samāwāti Wa Al-'Arđi Kullun Lahu Qānitūna
117 Badī`u As-Samāwāti Wa Al-'Arđi Wa 'Idhā Qađá 'Amrāan Fa'innamā Yaqūlu Lahu Kun Fayakūnu
118 Wa Qāla Al-Ladhīna Lā Ya`lamūna Lawlā Yukallimunā Allāhu 'Aw Ta'tīnā 'Āyatun Kadhālika Qāla Al-Ladhīna Min Qablihim Mithla Qawlihim Tashābahat Qulūbuhum Qad Bayyannā Al-'Āyāti Liqawmin Yūqinūna
119 'Innā 'Arsalnāka Bil-Ĥaqqi Bashīrāan Wa Nadhīrāan Wa Lā Tus'alu `An 'Aşĥābi Al-Jaĥīmi
120 Wa Lan Tarđá `Anka Al-Yahūdu Wa Lā An-Naşārá Ĥattá Tattabi`a Millatahum Qul 'Inna Hudá Allāhi Huwa Al-Hudá Wa La'ini Attaba`ta 'Ahwā'ahum Ba`da Al-Ladhī Jā'aka Mina Al-`Ilmi Mā Laka Mina Allāhi Min Wa Līyin Wa Lā Naşīrin
121 Al-Ladhīna 'Ātaynāhumu Al-Kitāba Yatlūnahu Ĥaqqa Tilāwatihi 'Ūlā'ika Yu'uminūna Bihi Wa Man Yakfur Bihi Fa'ūlā'ika Humu Al-Khāsirūna
122 Yā Banī 'Isrā'īla Adhkurū Ni`matiya Allatī 'An`amtu `Alaykum Wa 'Annī Fađđaltukum `Alá Al-`Ālamīna
123 Wa Attaqū Yawmāan Lā Tajzī Nafsun `An Nafsin Shay'āan Wa Lā Yuqbalu Minhā `Adlun Wa Lā Tanfa`uhā Shafā`atun Wa Lā Hum Yunşarūna
124 Wa 'Idh Abtalá 'Ibrāhīma Rabbuhu Bikalimātin Fa'atammahunna Qāla 'Innī Jā`iluka Lilnnāsi 'Imāmāan Qāla Wa Min Dhurrīyatī Qāla Lā Yanālu `Ahdī Až-Žālimīna
125 Wa 'Idh Ja`alnā Al-Bayta Mathābatan Lilnnāsi Wa 'Amnāan Wa Attakhidhū Min Maqāmi 'Ibrāhīma Muşalláan Wa `Ahidnā 'Ilá 'Ibrāhīma Wa 'Ismā`īla 'An Ţahhirā Baytiya Lilţţā'ifīna Wa Al-`Ākifīna Wa Ar-Rukka`i As-Sujūdi
126 Wa 'Idh Qāla 'Ibrāhīmu Rabbi Aj`al Hādhā Baladāan 'Āmināan Wa Arzuq 'Ahlahu Mina Ath-Thamarāti Man 'Āmana Minhum Billāhi Wa Al-Yawmi Al-'Ākhiri Qāla Wa Man Kafara Fa'umatti`uhu Qalīlāan Thumma 'Ađţarruhu 'Ilá `Adhābi An-Nāri Wa Bi'sa Al-Maşīru
127 Wa 'Idh Yarfa`u 'Ibrāhīmu Al-Qawā`ida Mina Al-Bayti Wa 'Ismā`īlu Rabbanā Taqabbal Minnā 'Innaka 'Anta As-Samī`u Al-`Alīmu
128 Rabbanā Wa Aj`alnā Muslimayni Laka Wa Min Dhurrīyatinā 'Ummatan Muslimatan Laka Wa 'Arinā Manāsikanā Wa Tub `Alaynā 'Innaka 'Anta At-Tawwābu Ar-Raĥīmu
129 Rabbanā Wa Ab`ath Fīhim Rasūlāan Minhum Yatlū `Alayhim 'Āyātika Wa Yu`allimuhumu Al-Kitāba Wa Al-Ĥikmata Wa Yuzakkīhim 'Innaka 'Anta Al-`Azīzu Al-Ĥakīmu
130 Wa Man Yarghabu `An Millati 'Ibrāhīma 'Illā Man Safiha Nafsahu Wa Laqadi Aşţafaynāhu Fī Ad-Dunyā Wa 'Innahu Fī Al-'Ākhirati Lamina Aş-Şāliĥīna
131 'Idh Qāla Lahu Rabbuhu 'Aslim Qāla 'Aslamtu Lirabbi Al-`Ālamīna
132 Wa Waşşá Bihā 'Ibrāhīmu Banīhi Wa Ya`qūbu Yā Banīya 'Inna Allāha Aşţafá Lakumu Ad-Dīna Falā Tamūtunna 'Illā Wa 'Antum Muslimūna
133 'Am Kuntum Shuhadā'a 'Idh Ĥađara Ya`qūba Al-Mawtu 'Idh Qāla Libanīhi Mā Ta`budūna Min Ba`dī Qālū Na`budu 'Ilahaka Wa 'Ilaha 'Ābā'ika 'Ibrāhīma Wa 'Ismā`īla Wa 'Isĥāqa 'Ilahāan Wāĥidāan Wa Naĥnu Lahu Muslimūna
134 Tilka 'Ummatun Qad Khalat Lahā Mā Kasabat Wa Lakum Mā Kasabtum Wa Lā Tus'alūna `Ammā Kānū Ya`malūna
135 Wa Qālū Kūnū Hūdāan 'Aw Naşārá Tahtadū Qul Bal Millata 'Ibrāhīma Ĥanīfāan Wa Mā Kāna Mina Al-Mushrikīna
136 Qūlū 'Āmannā Billāhi Wa Mā 'Unzila 'Ilaynā Wa Mā 'Unzila 'Ilá 'Ibrāhīma Wa 'Ismā`īla Wa 'Isĥāqa Wa Ya`qūba Wa Al-'Asbāţi Wa Mā 'Ūtiya Mūsá Wa `Īsá Wa Mā 'Ūtiya An-Nabīyūna Min Rabbihim Lā Nufarriqu Bayna 'Aĥadin Minhum Wa Naĥnu Lahu Muslimūna
137 Fa'in 'Āmanū Bimithli Mā 'Āmantum Bihi Faqadi Ahtadaw Wa 'In Tawallaw Fa'innamā Hum Fī Shiqāqin Fasayakfīkahumu Allāhu Wa Huwa As-Samī`u Al-`Alīmu
138 Şibghata Allāhi Wa Man 'Aĥsanu Mina Allāhi Şibghatan Wa Naĥnu Lahu `Ābidūna
139 Qul 'Atuĥājjūnanā Fī Allāhi Wa Huwa Rabbunā Wa Rabbukum Wa Lanā 'A`mālunā Wa Lakum 'A`mālukum Wa Naĥnu Lahu Mukhlişūna
140 'Am Taqūlūna 'Inna 'Ibrāhīma Wa 'Ismā`īla Wa 'Isĥāqa Wa Ya`qūba Wa Al-'Asbāţa Kānū Hūdāan 'Aw Naşārá Qul 'A'antum 'A`lamu 'Ami Allāhu Wa Man 'Ažlamu Mimman Katama Shahādatan `Indahu Mina Allāhi Wa Mā Allāhu Bighāfilin `Ammā Ta`malūna
141 Tilka 'Ummatun Qad Khalat Lahā Mā Kasabat Wa Lakum Mā Kasabtum Wa Lā Tus'alūna `Ammā Kānū Ya`malūna
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Tafsir
Verse 75
Are you then so eager, O believers, that they, the Jews, should believe you, seeing there is a party of them, a group of their rabbis, that heard God’s word, in the Torah, and then tampered with it, changing it, and that, after they had comprehended it, [after] they had understood it, knowingly?, [knowing full well] that they were indulging in mendacity (the hamza [at the beginning of the verb a-fa-tatma‘ūn] is [an interrogative] for rejection, in other words, ‘Do not be so eager, for they have disbelieved before’).
Verse 76
And when they, the hypocrites from among the Jews, meet those who believe, they say, ‘We believe’, that Muhammad (s) is a prophet and that he is the one of whom we have been given good tidings in our Book; but when they go in private one to another, they, their leaders the ones not involved in the hypocrisy, say, to those hypocrites: ‘Do you speak to them, the believers, of what God has disclosed to you, that is, what He has made known to you of Muhammad’s (s) description in the Torah, so that they may thereby dispute (the lām of li-yuhājjūkum, ‘that they may dispute with you’, is the lām of ‘becoming’) with you before your Lord?, in the Hereafter and hold the proof against you for not following him [Muhammad (s)], despite your knowledge of his sincerity? Have you no understanding?’ of the fact that they will contend with you if you speak to them in this way? So beware.
Verse 77
God says: Know they not (the interrogative is affirmative, the inserted wāw [of a-wa-lā] is to indicate the supplement) that God knows what they keep secret and what they proclaim?, that is, what they hide and what they reveal in this matter and all other matters, so that they may desist from these things.
Verse 78
And there are some of them, the Jews, that are illiterate, unlettered, not knowing the Scripture, the Torah, but only desires, lies which were handed down to them by their leaders and which they relied upon; and, in their rejection of the prophethood of the Prophet and fabrications of other matters, they have, mere conjectures, and no firm knowledge.
Verse 79
So woe, a severe chastisement, to those who write the Scripture with their hands, that is, fabricating it themselves, then say, ‘This is from God’ that they may sell it for a small price, of this world: these are the Jews, the ones that altered the description of the Prophet in the Torah, as well as the ‘stoning’ verse, and other details, and rewrote them in a way different from that in which they were revealed. So woe to them for what their hands have written, of fabrications, and woe to them for their earnings, by way of bribery (rishan, plural of rishwa).
Verse 80
And they say, when the Prophet promised them the Fire, ‘the Fire shall not touch us, that is, afflict us, save a number of days’, only a short time of forty days: the same length of time their forefathers worshipped the calf, after which time it [the Fire] will cease. Say, to them Muhammad (s): ‘Have you taken with God a covenant?, a pledge from Him to this? God will not fail in His covenant, in this matter, or — nay — say you against God what you do not know? (a’ttakhadhtum: the conjunctive hamza has been omitted on account of the interrogative hamza sufficing).
Verse 81
Not so, it will touch you and you will abide therein; whoever earns evil, through associating another with God, and is encompassed by his transgression, in the singular and the plural, that is to say, it overcomes him and encircles him totally, for, he has died an idolater — those are the inhabitants of the Fire, therein abiding (khālidūn: this [plural noun] takes account of the [plural] import of man, ‘whoever’).
Verse 82
And those who believe and perform righteous deeds — those are the inhabitants of Paradise, therein abiding.
Verse 83
And, mention, when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, in the Torah, where We said: ‘You shall not worship (a variant reading [for lā ta‘budūna] has [third person plural] lā ya‘budūn [‘they shall not worship’]) any other than God (lā ta‘budūna illā Llāha is a predicate denoting a prohibition; one may also read lā ta‘budū [Worship you not]); and to be good, and righteous, to parents, and the near of kin: here kinship is adjoined to parents; and to orphans, and to the needy; and speak well, [good] words, to men, commanding good and forbidding evil, being truthful with regard to the status of Muhammad (s), and being kind to them [sc. orphans and the needy] (a variant reading [for hasanan] has husnan, the verbal noun, used as a hyperbolic description); and observe prayer and pay the alms’, which you actually accepted, but, then you turned away, refusing to fulfil these [obligations] (here the second person address is used, but their forefathers are [still] meant); all but a few of you, rejecting it, like your forefathers.
Verse 84
And when We made a covenant with you, and We said: ‘You shall not shed your own blood, spilling it by slaying one another; neither expel your own from your habitations’: let no one of you expel the other from his house; then you confirmed it, that is, you accepted this covenant, and you bore witness, upon your own souls.
Verse 85
Then there you are killing one another, and expelling a party of you from their habitations, conspiring (tazzāharūna: the original ta’ has been assimilated with the zā’; a variant reading has it without [the assimilation, that is, tazāharūna]), assisting one another, against them in sin, in disobedience, and enmity, injustice, and if they come to you as captives (a variant reading [for usārā] has asrā), you ransom them (a variant reading [for tafdūhum] has tufādūhum), that is to say, you deliver them from captivity with money etc., and this [ransoming] was one of the things to which they were pledged; yet their expulsion was forbidden you (muharramun ‘alaykum ikhrājuhum is semantically connected to wa-tukhrijūna, ‘and expelling’, and the statement that comes in between is parenthetical, that is, [expulsion was forbidden you] in the same way that non-ransoming was forbidden you). Qurayza had allied themselves with the Aws, and the Nadīr with the Khazraj, but every member of an alliance would fight against a fellow ally, thus destroying each other’s homes and expelling one another, taking prisoners and then ransoming them. When they were asked: ‘Why do you fight them and then pay their ransom?’, they would reply, ‘Because we have been commanded to ransom’; and they would be asked, ‘So, why do you fight them then?’, to which they would say, ‘For fear that our allies be humiliated’; God, exalted, says: What, do you believe in part of the Book, that is, the part about ransom, and disbelieve in part?, namely, the part about renouncing fighting, expulsion and assistance [against one another]; What shall be the requital of those of you who do that, but degradation, disgrace and ignominy, in the life of this world: they were disgraced when Qurayza were slewn and the Nadīr were expelled to Syria, and ordered to pay the jizya; and on the Day of Resurrection to be returned to the most terrible of chastisement? And God is not heedless of what you do (ta‘malūna, or read ya‘malūna, ‘they do’).
Verse 86
Those are the ones who have purchased the life of this world at the price of the Hereafter, by preferring the former to the latter — for them the punishment shall not be lightened, neither shall they be helped, [neither shall they be] protected against it.
Verse 87
And We gave Moses the Scripture, the Torah, and after him We sent successive messengers, that is, We sent them one after another, and We gave Jesus son of Mary the clear proofs, that is, the miracles of bringing the dead back to life and healing the blind and the leper, and We confirmed him, We strengthened him, with the Holy Spirit (the expression rūh al-qudus is an example of annexing [in a genitive construction] the noun described to the adjective [qualifying it], in other words, al-rūh al-muqaddasa), that is, Gabriel, [so described] on account of his [Jesus’s] sanctity; he would accompany him [Jesus] wherever he went; still you refuse to be upright, and whenever there came to you a messenger, with what your souls did not desire, [did not] like, in the way of truth, you became arrogant, you disdained to follow him (istakbartum, ‘you became arrogant’, is the response to the particle kullamā, ‘whenever’, and constitutes the interrogative, and is meant as a rebuke); and some, of them, you called liars, such as Jesus, and some you slay?, such as Zachariah and John (the present tenses [of these verbs] are used to narrate the past events [as though they were events in the present], in other words, ‘[and some] you slew’).
Verse 88
And they say, to the Prophet mockingly: ‘Our hearts are encased’ (ghulf is the plural of aghlaf), that is to say, wrapped up in covers and cannot comprehend what you say; God, exalted be He, says: Nay (bal introduces the rebuttal), but God has cursed them, removed them far from His mercy and degraded them when they rejected [the messengers], for their unbelief, which is not the result of anything defective in their hearts; and little will they believe (fa-qalīlan mā yu’minūn: the mā here is extra, emphasising the ‘littleness’ involved): that is, their belief is minimal.
Verse 89
When there came to them a Book from God, confirming what was with them, in the Torah, that is the Qur’ān — and they formerly, before it came, prayed for victory, for assistance, over the disbelievers, saying: ‘God, give us assistance against them through the Prophet that shall be sent at the end of time’; but when there came to them what they recognised, as the truth, that is, the mission of the Prophet, they disbelieved in it, out of envy and for fear of losing leadership (the response to the first lammā particle is indicated by the response to the second one); and the curse of God is on the disbelievers.
Verse 90
Evil is that for which they sell their souls, that is, their share of the reward [in the Hereafter] (bi’samā, ‘evil is that [for] which’: mā here is an indefinite particle, representing ‘a thing’, and constitutes a specification qualifying the subject of [the verb] bi’s, ‘evil is’, the very thing being singled out for criticism); that they disbelieve in that, Qur’ān, which God has revealed, grudging (baghyan here is an object denoting reason for yakfurū, ‘they disbelieve’), that is, out of envy, that God should reveal (read either yunzil or yunazzil) of His bounty, the Inspiration, to whomever He will of His servants, to deliver the Message; and they were laden, they returned, with anger, from God for their disbelief in what He has revealed (the indefinite form, bi-ghadabin, ‘with anger’, is used to emphasise the awesomeness [of the ‘anger’]), upon anger, which they deserved formerly, when they neglected the Torah and disbelieved in Jesus; and for the disbelievers there shall be a humiliating chastisement.
Verse 91
And when it was said to them, ‘Believe in what God has revealed, that is, the Qur’ān and other [Books], they said, ‘We believe in what was revealed to us’, that is, the Torah; and (wā, here indicates a circumstantial qualifier) they disbelieve in what is beyond that, what is other than that or what came afterwards, such as the Qur’ān; yet it is the truth (wa-huwa’l-haqqu is a circumstantial qualifier) confirming (musaddiqan, a second circumstantial qualifier for emphasis) what is with them. Say, to them: ‘Why then were you slaying the prophets of God formerly, if you were believers?’ in the Torah and in it you were forbidden to kill them: this address, concerning what their forefathers did, is directed towards those present at the time of our Prophet, on account of their approval of it [that is, of what the forefathers had done].
Verse 92
And Moses came to you with clear proofs, miracles, such as the staff, his hand, and the parting of the sea; then you took to yourselves the calf, as a god, after him, after he had gone to the appointment, and you were evildoers, for taking it [in worship].
Verse 93
And when We made a covenant with you, to act according to what is in the Torah, and raised over you the Mount, to drop it on you, when you had refused to accept it; We said, ‘Take forcefully, seriously and with effort, what We have given you, and listen’, to what you have been commanded, and be prepared to accept it, They said, ‘We hear, your words, and disobey’, your command; and they were made to drink the calf in their hearts, that is to say, the love of it [the golden calf] intoxicated their hearts in the way that wine does, on account of their unbelief. Say, to them: ‘Evil is that, thing, which your belief, in the Torah, enjoins on you, [in the way of] the worship of the [golden] calf, if you are believers’, in it, as you claim; meaning, you are not believers, for faith does not command that you worship the calf — their forefathers are meant here. Likewise, you do not believe in the Torah, because you have denied [the prophethood of] Muhammad (s), whereas faith in it does not command you to reject him.
Verse 94
Say, to them: ‘If the Abode of the Hereafter, that is, Paradise, with God is purely yours, that is, exclusively, and not for other people, as you allege, then long for death — if you speak truly’ (here both conditionals are connected to the verb tamannū, ‘long for’, so that the first is dependent upon the second, in other words, ‘If you speak truly when you claim that it is yours, then you will naturally incline to what is yours, and since the path to it is death, long for it [death]’).
Verse 95
But they will never long for it, because of that which their own hands have sent before them, as a result of their rejection of the Prophet (s), the consequence of their mendacity. God knows the evildoers, the disbelievers and He will requite them.
Verse 96
And you shall find them (the lām of la-tajidannahum is for oaths) the people most covetous of life, and, more covetous of it than, the idolaters, who reject the [idea of the] Resurrection, for the former know that their journey’s end will be the Fire, while the idolaters do not believe even in this; any one of them would love, wishes, that he might be given life for a thousand years (law yu‘ammar, ‘[if only] he might be given life’: the particle law, ‘if only’, relates to the verbal noun and functions with the sense of an, ‘that’, and together with its relative clause explains the [implicit] verbal noun in the object of the verb yawaddu, ‘he would love’); yet, any one of them, his being given life (an yu‘ammara, ‘that he should be given life’, constitutes the subject of the verb muzahzihihi, ‘that it should budge him’ [this verb comes later], as though it were ta‘mīruhu, ‘the giving of life to him’) shall not budge, remove, him from the chastisement, of the Fire. God sees what they do (ya‘malūna may be alternatively read ta‘malūna, ‘you do’), and will requite them. [‘Abd Allāh] Ibn Sūryā asked the Prophet (s), or ‘Umar [b. al-Khattāb], about which angel brings down the revelation, and he replied that it was Gabriel; he [Ibn Sūryā] then said, ‘He is our enemy, because he brings chastisement with him; had it been Michael, we would have believed in him, because he brings fertility and security.’ Then, the following was revealed:
Verse 97
Say, to them: ‘Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel, let him die in exasperation — he it was that brought it, the Qur’ān, down upon your heart by the leave, by the command, of God, confirming what was before it, of scriptures, a guidance, from error, and good tidings, of Paradise, for the believers.
Verse 98
Whoever is an enemy to God and His angels and His messengers, and Gabriel (read Jibrīl or Jabrīl, Jibra’il or Jabra’il, Jibra’īl or Jabra’īl), and Michael (Mīkāl, also read Mīkā’īl, or Mīkā’il; a supplement to malā’ikatihi, ‘His angels’, an example of the specific being supplemented to the collective) — then surely God is an enemy to the disbelievers’ (He says ‘to the disbelievers’ instead of ‘to them’ in order to point out their status).
Verse 99
And We have revealed to you, O Muhammad (s), clear proofs, lucid [ones] (bayyinātin, ‘clear proofs’, is a circumstantial qualifier; this was in response to Ibn Sūryā saying to the Prophet (s), ‘You have not brought us anything’); and none disbelieves in them except the wicked, these have disbelieved in them.
Verse 100
Why, whenever they make a covenant, with God that they will believe in the Prophet (s) when he appears, or that they will not give assistance to the idolaters against the Prophet (s), does a party of them reject it?, cast it away repudiating it (this is the response to the clause beginning with kullamā, the interrogative of rebuke). Nay (bal indicates a transition), but most of them are disbelievers.
Verse 101
When there came to them a messenger from God, namely, Muhammad (s), confirming what was with them, a party of them who were given the Scripture have cast away the Scripture of God, that is, the Torah, behind their backs, that is to say, they have not acted according to what it said about belief in the Messenger and otherwise; as though they did not know, what is contained in it, to the effect that he is a true Prophet, or that it is the Book of God.
Verse 102
And they follow (wa’ttaba‘ū is a supplement to nabadha, ‘[it] cast away’) what the devils used to relate, during the time of, Solomon’s kingdom, in the way of sorcery: it is said that they [the devils] buried these [books of sorcery] underneath his throne when his kingdom was taken from him; it is also said that they used to listen stealthily and add fabrications to what they heard, and then pass it on to the priests, who would compile it in books; this would be disseminated and rumours spread that the jinn had knowledge of the Unseen. Solomon gathered these books and buried them. When he died, the devils showed people where these books were, and the latter brought them out and found that they contained sorcery, and said, ‘Your kingdom was only thanks to what is in here’; they then took to learning them and rejected the Scriptures of their prophets. In order to demonstrate Solomon’s innocence and in repudiation of the Jews when they said, ‘Look at this Muhammad, he mentions Solomon as one of the prophets, when he was only a sorcerer’, God, exalted, says: Solomon disbelieved not, that is, he did not work magic because he disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching the people sorcery (this sentence is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person governing the verb kafarū); and, teaching them, that which was revealed to the two angels, that is, the sorcery that they were inspired to [perform] (al-malakayn, ‘the two angels’: a variant reading has al-malikayn, ‘the two kings’) who were, in Babylon — a town in lower Iraq — Hārūt and Mārūt (here the names are standing in for ‘the two angels’, or an explication of the latter). Ibn ‘Abbās said, ‘They were two sorcerers who used to teach [people] magic’; it is also said that they were two angels that had been sent to teach [sorcery] to people as a trial from God. They taught not any man, without them saying, by way of counsel, ‘We are but a temptation, a trial from God for people, so that He may test them when they are taught it: whoever learns it is a disbeliever, but whoever renounces it, he is a believer; do not disbelieve’, by learning it; if this person refused and insisted on learning it, they would teach him. From them they learned how they might cause division between a man and his wife, so that they would hate each other, yet they, the sorcerers, did not hurt any man thereby, that is, by this magic, save by the leave of God, by His will; and they learned what hurt them, in the Hereafter, and did not profit them, and this was sorcery. And surely (the lām [of la-qad, ‘surely’] is for oaths) they, the Jews, knew well that whoever (la-man: the lām denotes [part of] the subject of the sentence and is semantically connected to what precedes it; the man introduces the relative clause) buys it, [whoever] chooses it and took it in place of God’s Book, he shall have no share in the Hereafter, that is, no portion of Paradise; evil then would have been, the thing, that they sold themselves for, those sellers, that is to say, the portion due for this [act] in the Hereafter, if they were to learn it; for it would have made the Fire obligatory in their case; if they had but known, the reality of the chastisement they would be destined for, they would not have learnt it.
Verse 103
Yet if only they, the Jews, had believed, in the Prophet and the Qur’ān, and been fearful, of God’s chastisement, by abandoning acts of disobedience towards Him, such as sorcery (the response to the [conditional clause beginning with] law, ‘if’, has been omitted, [but it is intimated to be] ‘they would have been rewarded’, and this is indicated by [His following words]) verily, a reward from God would have been better, than that for which they sold themselves, if they had but known, that this is better they would not have preferred that over this (la-mathūbatun, ‘verily the reward’, is the subject; the lām is that of oaths; and min ‘indi’Llāhi khayrun, ‘from God, would have been better’, is the predicate).
Verse 104
O you who believe, do not say, to the Prophet (s), ‘Observe us’, (rā‘inā is an imperative form from murā‘āt) which they used to say to him, and this was a derogatory term in Hebrew, derived from the noun al-ru‘ūna [‘thoughtlessness’]. They found this very amusing and used to address the Prophet (s) in this way, and so the believers were forbidden to use it; but say, instead, ‘Regard us’, that is, look at us, and give ear, to what you are commanded and be prepared to accept it; and for disbelievers awaits a painful chastisement, that is, the Fire.
Verse 105
Those disbelievers of the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, from among the Arabs (al-mushrikīna, ‘idolaters’, is a supplement to ahl al-kitābi, ‘People of the Scripture’, and the min, ‘of’, is explicative), do not wish that any good, any Inspiration, should be revealed to you from your Lord, out of envy of you, but God singles out for His mercy, [for] the office of His Prophet, whom He will; God is of bounty abounding.
Verse 106
When the disbelievers began to deride the matter of abrogation, saying that one day Muhammad enjoins his Companions to one thing and then the next day he forbids it, God revealed: And whatever verse (mā is the conditional particle), that has been revealed containing a judgement, We abrogate, either together with its recital or not [that is only its judgement, but its recital continues]; there is a variant reading, nunsikh, meaning ‘[Whatever verse] We command you or Gabriel to abrogate’, or postpone, so that We do not reveal the judgement contained in it, and We withhold its recital or retain it in the Preserved Tablet; a variant reading [of nunsi’hā] is nunsihā, from ‘to forget’: so ‘[Whatever verse We abrogate] or We make you forget, that is, We erase from your heart’; the response to the conditional sentence [begun with mā] is: We bring [in place] a better, one that is more beneficial for [Our] servants, either because it is easier [to implement] or contains much reward; or the like of it, in terms of religious obligation and reward; do you not know that God has power over all things?, including abrogating and substituting [verses]? (the interrogative here is meant as an affirmative).
Verse 107
Do you not know that to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, doing what He pleases, and that you have none, besides God, other than God, neither protector, to safeguard you, nor helper?, to keep away His chastisement when it comes.
Verse 108
When the Meccans asked [the Prophet] to enlarge the size of Mecca and make Safā full of gold, the following was revealed: Or do you desire to question your Messenger as Moses was questioned, by his people, aforetime?, when they asked him to show them God openly among other things; whoever exchanges belief for unbelief, taking the latter in place of the former by refraining from contemplating the clear proofs and by requesting others instead, has surely strayed from the even way, meaning, he has mistaken the proper path (al-sawā‘ essentially means al-wasat, ‘middle way’).
Verse 109
Many of the People of the Scripture long that (law, ‘[if only] that’, represents [the import of] the verbal noun) they might make you disbelievers, after you have believed, from the envy (hasadan is the object denoting reason), being, of their own souls, that is to say, their wicked souls have prompted them to this [attitude]; after the truth, with regard to the Prophet (s), has become clear to them, in the Torah; yet pardon, leave them be, and be forgiving, stay away, and make no encroachments against them, till God brings His command, concerning fighting them; truly God has power over all things.
Verse 110
And perform the prayer, and pay the alms; whatever good, in the way of obedience, such as [observing] kinship and charity, you shall offer for your own souls, you shall find it, that is, its reward, with God; assuredly God sees what you do, and will requite you for it.
Verse 111
And they say, ‘None shall enter Paradise except those who are Jews (hūd is the plural of hā’id) or Christians’: this is what the Jews of Medina and the Christians of Najrān said when they disputed with the Prophet (s), each party separately claiming Paradise for its members exclusively. Such, sayings, are their desires, their false passions. Say, to them: ‘Produce your proof, your evidence for this, if you speak truly’, in this matter.
Verse 112
Nay, but, others will also enter Paradise, namely, whoever submits his purpose to God, that is, adheres to His commands (wajh, ‘face’ [sc. ‘purpose’], is here mentioned because it is the most noble part of the body, so that [when it has submitted] there is all the more reason for the other parts [to follow]), being virtuous, affirming God’s Oneness, his reward is with his Lord, the reward of his deeds being Paradise, and no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve, in the Hereafter.
Verse 113
The Jews say, ‘The Christians stand on nothing’, that can be used as support [for their claims], and they rejected Jesus; and the Christians say, ‘The Jews stand on nothing’, that can be used as support [for their claims], and they rejected Moses; yet they, both groups, recite the Scripture, revealed to them: in the Scripture of the Jews there is the confirmation of Jesus, and in that of the Christians there is the confirmation of Moses (yatlūna’l-kitāba, ‘they recite the Scripture’: the sentence is a circumstantial qualifier). Thus, in the way that these have said, the ignorant, from among the Arabs and others, say the like of what these say (this last phrase [mithla qawlihim, ‘the like of what they say’] is the explication of dhālika, ‘that [way]’): that is to say, to every person of religion they would say, ‘You have no basis’; God shall decide between them on the Day of Resurrection regarding their differences, in religion and will admit the confirmer into Paradise and the falsifier into the Fire.
Verse 114
And who does greater evil — that is, none does more evil — than he who bars God’s places of worship, so that His Name be not invoked in them, in prayer and praise, and strives to ruin them?, through destruction and impeding people from them: this was revealed to inform of the Byzantines’ destruction of the Holy House [sc. Jerusalem], or [it was revealed] when the idolaters barred the Prophet (s) from entering Mecca in the year of the battle of Hudaybiyya; such men might never enter them, save in fear (illā khā’ifīna is a predicate, also functioning as a command, that is to say, ‘Frighten them by threats of waging war against them, so that not one of them shall enter it feeling secure’); for them in this world is degradation, debasement through being killed, taken captive and forced to pay the jizya; and in the Hereafter a mighty chastisement, namely, the Fire.
Verse 115
The following was revealed either when the Jews criticised the change of the direction of prayer [qibla], or concerning the supererogatory prayers on animal-back during journeys, which one may pray in any direction: To God belong the East and the West, that is, the entire earth, because these two [directions] represent both sides of it [the earth]; whithersoever you turn, your faces in prayer by His command, there is the Face of God, the direction of prayer with which He is pleased. Lo! God is Embracing, His bounty embracing all things, Knowing, how to manage His creation.
Verse 116
And they, the Jews and the Christians, and those that claim that the angels are God’s daughters, say (read wa-qālū or [simply] qālū) ‘God has taken to Himself a son’; God says: Glory be to Him!, as a way of exalting Himself above this; Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth, as possessions, creatures and servants, and this sovereignty contradicts having a child, and is expressed by [the particle] mā, ‘all that’, in order to include all [creation] that is not rational; all obey His will, submitting to that which is required from each one of them: here the emphasis is on rational beings.
Verse 117
Creator of the heavens and the earth, making them exist without any exemplary precedent; and when He decrees, wills, a thing, to exist, He but says to it ‘Be’ and it is, that is to say, it becomes (fa-yakūnu: a variant reading has fa-yakūna, on account of it being the response [in the subjunctive mood] to the jussive statement).
Verse 118
And they, that is the disbelievers of Mecca, who do not know, say, to the Prophet (s): ‘Why does God not speak to us?, [to say] that you are His Messenger; Why does a sign not come to us?’, of the sort we have requested in order to show your sincerity. So, in the same way that these [disbelievers] have spoken, spoke those before them, from among past communities, to their prophets, the like of what they say, in [their] obstinacy and demand for signs; their hearts are much alike, in terms of unbelief and stubbornness: this is meant as consolation for the Prophet (s). Yet We have made clear the signs to a people who are certain, [a people] who know that these are [God’s] signs and so they believe in them, for to request other signs would be obduracy.
Verse 119
We have sent you, Muhammad (s), with the truth, the guidance, a bearer of good tidings, of Paradise, for those who respond to this [guidance], and warner, of the Fire, to those who do not respond to it. You shall not be asked about the inhabitants of Hell-fire, that is, about why the disbelievers did not believe, for your responsibility is only to deliver the Message (a variant reading of lā tus’al is lā tas’al, ‘do not ask’, with the final apocopation of the vowel on account of it being an imperative).
Verse 120
Never will the Jews be pleased with you, neither the Christians, not until you follow their creed, their religion, Say: ‘God’s guidance, that is, Islam, is the true guidance’, besides which there is only error. And if you were (wa-la-in: the lām is for oaths) to follow their whims, hypothetically speaking, [whims] to which they are calling you, after the knowledge, the Divine revelation, that has come to you, you shall have against God neither friend, to protect you, nor helper, to defend you against Him.
Verse 121
Those to whom We have given the Scripture (this is the subject of the sentence), and who recite it with true recitation, that is, who recite it as it was revealed (haqqa tilāwatihi, ‘its true recitation’, is a circumstantial qualifier; haqqa is in the accusative because it is the object of the verbal noun), they believe in it (this is the predicate): this was revealed concerning a group of Ethiopians that presented themselves [to the Prophet] and accepted Islam; and whoever disbelieves in it, that is, in the revealed Book, by distorting it, they shall be the losers, because they will be destined for the Fire, made everlasting for them.
Verse 122
O Children of Israel, remember My favour wherewith I favoured you, and that I have preferred you over all the worlds: a similar verse has already been mentioned.
Verse 123
And beware of, fear, a day when no soul shall for another, on this [Day] be requited, that is, [when no soul for another] shall be of any avail, and no compensation, no ransom, shall be accepted from it, nor any intercession shall benefit it, neither shall they be helped, against God’s chastisement.
Verse 124
And, mention, when his Lord tested, tried, Abraham (Ibrāhīm: also read Ibrāhām) with certain words, with certain commands and prohibitions with which He charged him: it is said that these included the rituals of the Pilgrimage, the rinsing of the mouth, snuffing up water into the nostrils [to clean them], cleaning of the teeth, trimming facial hair, combing of the hair, trimming the fingernails, shaving armpit and pubic hair, circumcision and washing one’s private parts after elimination; and he fulfilled them, he performed them thoroughly; He, God, exalted, said, to him: ‘I make you a leader, an exemplar in religion, for the people.’ Said he, ‘And of my seed?’, my progeny, make leaders [from among them]; He said, ‘My covenant, of leadership, shall not reach the evildoers’, the disbelievers from among them: this indicates that [the covenant] will reach only those who are not evildoers.
Verse 125
And when We appointed the House, the Ka‘ba, to be a place of visitation, to which they flock from every direction, for the people, and a sanctuary, of safety for them from the injustice and attacks that befall other places: a person could come across his father’s killer there, and yet not act violently against him; and: ‘Take (ittakhidhū is also read ittakhadhū, making it a predicate), O people, to yourselves Abraham’s station, the founding stone he used when building the House, for a place of prayer’, so that you perform two units of prayer for the circumambulation; And We made a covenant with Abraham and Ishmael, We commanded them: ‘Purify My House, of graven images, for those that shall go round it and those that cleave to it, in ritual residence, to those who bow and prostrate themselves’, that is, those who pray: (al-rukka‘ and al-sujūd are the plurals of rāki‘, ‘one bowing’, and sājid, ‘one prostrated’, respectively).
Verse 126
And when Abraham said, ‘My Lord, make this, place, a land secure, in which there is safety: God granted him his request, making it a sanctuary in which no human blood is shed, no injustice is committed towards anyone, no prey is hunted and which is never deserted in any of its parts; and provide its people with fruits: something which actually happened when there came itinerants from as far as Syria, whereas before, it had been devoid of any vegetation or water; such of them as believe in God and the Last Day’ (this phrase stands in place of its people, and they are here singled out for mention in the request in accordance with God’s saying My covenant shall not reach the evildoers); He, exalted, said, ‘And whoever disbelieves, I will also provide with fruits, to him I shall give enjoyment (read either umti‘uhu or umatti‘uhu), by granting him sustenance in this life, a little, the length of his life, but then I shall compel him, I shall drive him in the Hereafter to the chastisement of the Fire, so that he cannot find an escape — how evil a journey’s end!’, a place to which to return.
Verse 127
And, mention, when Abraham raised up the foundations, the supports or the walls, of the House, building it (min al-bayt, ‘of the House’, is semantically connected to yarfa‘u, ‘raises up’), and Ishmael with him (wa-Ismā‘īlu is a supplement to Ibrāhīmu), both of them saying: ‘Our Lord! Receive this, building, from us. Truly You are the Hearing, of words, the Knowing, of deeds.
Verse 128
Our Lord! And make us submissive, compliant, to You and, make, of our seed, our progeny, a community, a people, submissive to You (min [in the phrase min dhurriyyatinā, ‘of our seed’] here is partitive, and is used here in accordance with God’s above-mentioned saying My covenant shall not reach the evildoers); and show us, teach us, our holy rites, our ceremonies for worship or for the pilgrimage, and relent to us. Surely You are the Relenting, the Merciful: they asked Him to turn towards them, despite their [moral] impeccability, out of humbleness and in order to teach their progeny.
Verse 129
Our Lord! And send among them, the people of this House, a messenger, one of them and God granted him this petition with [the sending of] Muhammad (s), who shall recite to them Your signs, the Qur’ān, and teach them the Book, the Qur’ān, and Wisdom, that is, what the former contains of judgments, and purify them, cleanse them of idolatry; You are the Mighty, the Victor, the Wise, in His creation.
Verse 130
Who therefore, meaning ‘none’, shrinks from the religion of Abraham, abandoning it, except he who fools himself?, that is to say, either the one who ignores that his soul has been created for God, and that it is obliged to worship Him, or the one who treats it with frivolity and degrades it. Indeed We chose him, We elected him, in this world, for prophethood and friendship, and in the Hereafter he shall be among the righteous, those of the high stations [al-darajāt al-‘ulā, cf. Q. 20:75].
Verse 131
And mention: When his Lord said to him, ‘Submit’, obey God and devote your religion purely to Him, he said, ‘I have submitted to the Lord of the Worlds’.
Verse 132
And Abraham enjoined (wassā; may also be read awsā) upon his sons this, creed, and [so did] Jacob, upon his sons, saying: ‘My sons, God has chosen for you the [true] religion, the religion of submission [to God] (islām), see that you die not save in submission: he forbade them from abandoning this submission [to God], and enjoined them to adhere firmly to it until death overtook them.
Verse 133
When the Jews said to the Prophet (s), ‘Do you not know that on the day of his death Jacob charged his sons with Judaism?’, the following was revealed: Or, were you witnesses, present, when death came to Jacob? When (idh, ‘when’, substitutes for the preceding idh) he said to his sons, ‘What will you worship after me?’, after I die?; They said, ‘We will worship your God and the God of your fathers Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac (in recognition of the predominant [mention of the father figures] Ishmael is also counted as a father, and also because the status of an uncle is akin to that of a father), One God (ilāhan wāhidan, ‘One God’, substitutes for ilāhaka, ‘your God’), to Him we submit’ (the initial am [of the phrase am kuntum, ‘Or, were you …’] is similar to the hamza of denial [sc. a-kuntum], the sense being, ‘You were not present at his death, so how do you ascribe to him what does not befit him?’).
Verse 134
That (tilka, is the subject of this sentence and denotes Abraham, Jacob and his sons, and is feminine because it agrees with the gender of its predicate) is a community that has passed away, has gone before; theirs is what they have earned, the reward for their deeds (lahā mā kasabat, theirs is what they have earned’, constitutes the commencement of a new sentence) and yours (the Jews are being addressed here) is what you have earned; you shall not be asked about what they did, in the same way that they will not be asked about what you did, this latter statement being an affirmation of the former.
Verse 135
And they say, ‘Be Jews or Christians (the particle aw is for detail; the first of these is the saying of the Medinan Jews, while the second is that of the Christians of Najrān), and you shall be guided’. Say, to them: ‘Nay, we follow, rather the creed of Abraham, a hanīf (hanīfan is a circumstantial qualifier referring to Ibrāhīma, that is to say, one that inclines away from all other religions to the upright religion); and he was not of the idolaters’.
Verse 136
Say: (this address is to the believers) ‘We believe in God, and in that which has been revealed to us, the Qur’ān, and revealed to Abraham, the ten scrolls, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, his sons, and that which was given to Moses, the Torah, and Jesus, the Gospel, and the prophets, from their Lord, of Books and signs, we make no division between any of them, believing in some and disbelieving in others in the manner of Jews and Christians, and to Him we submit’.
Verse 137
And if they, the Jews and the Christians, believe in the like (mithl, ‘the like’ is extra) of what you believe in, then they are truly guided; but if they turn away, from belief in it, then they are clearly in schism, in opposition to you; God will suffice you, O Muhammad (s), against them, and their schisms; He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Knower, of their circumstances: God sufficed him [with regard to them] by killing Qurayza, expelling Nadīr and exacting the jizya from them.
Verse 138
The mark of God (sibghata’Llāhi: a verbal noun reaffirming the earlier āmannā, and it is in the accusative, because of the verbal construction implied, that is to say, sabaghanā’Llāhu, ‘God has marked us’): this denotes His religion, the one towards which He made human beings naturally inclined, as it leaves its mark on a person, in the same way that a dye leaves its mark on a garment; and who has, that is, none [has], a better mark (sibghatan, ‘marking’, is for specification) than God? And Him we worship: the Jews said to the Muslims, ‘We are the people of the first Book and our direction of prayer (qibla) is more ancient, and prophets were never sent from among the Arabs; if Muhammad were a prophet, he would have been one of us’. Thus, the following was revealed:
Verse 139
Say, to them: ‘Would you then dispute with us concerning God, that He chose a prophet from among the Arabs, and He is our Lord and your Lord?, and so it is for Him to choose whom He will, Our deeds belong to us, for which we will be requited, and to you belong your deeds, for which you will be requited, so that it is not improbable that among our deeds there will be those for which we will deserve to be honoured; and to Him we are sincerely devoted, in religion and in deed, unlike you, hence, we are more worthy to be chosen (the hamza [of a-tuhājjūnanā, ‘would you then dispute’] is for rejection, and the three clauses that follow it are all circumstantial qualifiers).
Verse 140
Or, nay, do you say (taqūlūna, also read yaqūlūna, ‘do they say?’): ‘Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac and Jacob, and the Tribes — they were Jews, or they were Christians?’ Say, to them: ‘Have you then greater knowledge, or has God?, that is, God has greater knowledge; He dissociated Abraham from both [groups], when He said, Abraham was not a Jew, nor a Christian [Q. 3:67]; and those mentioned with him [Abraham] are his followers [in not belonging to either group]. And who does greater injustice than he who conceals, hides from people, a testimony, he has, received from God?, that is, there is none more unjust than him: these are the Jews, for they concealed God’s testimony about Abraham’s pure faith in the Torah; And God is not heedless of what you do’: [this is] a threat for them.
Verse 141
That is a community that has passed away; theirs is what they have earned, and yours is what you have earned; you shall not be asked about what they did: a similar [verse] has already been mentioned above.